A gastroscopy is a test in which a gastroscope (a long flexible tube) is passed through the mouth and back of your throat into the upper digestive tract. It allows the physician to examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (the first portion of the small intestine). During the gastroscopy, if the doctor feels a suspicious or inflamed area needs greater evaluation, the doctor may take a small piece of tissue (a biopsy) to be analyzed in the laboratory. A gastroscopy is also often used to control bleeding.
Many problems of the upper digestive tract cannot be diagnosed accurately by x-ray. Included are inflammation of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum, and many causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. This technique is more accurate in detecting ulcers and cancers than x-rays. It allows for biopsies, cultures and stretching of narrowed areas.
Your doctor may give you medication through a vein to make you relaxed and comfortable, and your throat may be sprayed with a local anesthetic. The procedure is extremely well tolerated with little or no discomfort. You may fall asleep during the procedure. The tube will not interfere with your breathing. Gagging is usually prevented by the medication.